Daily insights for city builders, delivered every morning at 6 AM ET. I’m Brandon Donnelly — a Toronto-based real estate developer and founder of Globizen. I’ve been writing here since 2013.

Tag: development

  • Where’d the night go?

    I’m a few months behind on this one, but back in April the CBC published a documentary called: Where’d the night go? 

    It’s about Toronto’s grassroots music community and “DIY venues”, all of which are under pressure as a result of rising real estate values and an overall crackdown on illegal venues. This is a perfect example of what Jane Jacobs was getting at when she said that new ideas require old buildings. 

    If you can’t see the video below, click here. When I watched it, I got stuck watching 3 pre-roll ads. Sorry if that happens to you as well.

    //www.cbc.ca/i/caffeine/syndicate/?mediaId=924601923901

  • Only 9% of new homes sold last month were low-rise single-family

    BILD (the Building Industry and Land Development Association) just released its June 2017 data for the Greater Toronto Area’s new housing market. You can read the full release here. But I would like to point out a couple of things:

    About 91 percent of the 6,046 new homes sold last month were multi-family condo apartments in high-rise and mid-rise buildings and stacked townhomes, while only nine percent were low-rise single-family homes.

    The average price of available new condo apartments continued to rise with an increase of more than $22,000 from May. June’s $627,000 average price marked a 34 percent increase from a year ago. The average available unit was 845 square feet with an average price per square foot of $742. A year ago, the average price per square foot was $587.

    From this, it’s once again clear that Toronto is in the midst of an incredible transformation from a low-rise city to a more vertical city. New supply on the low-rise side of the market is heavily constrained.

    I get the sense sometimes that many people in this city, and others, believe that access to a low-rise detached house should be a right. Go to school. Get a good job. And then buy that house with a backyard. 

    The data speaks to a very different reality.

    Photo by Victoria Heath on Unsplash

  • Architecture pour tous!

    In 2015, Studiolada Architectes (of Nancy, France) completed a 117 square meter home for a retired couple. On the firm’s website they call the project: Réalisation d’une maison individuelle à Baccarat. 

    Here are two photos (1 exterior and 1 interior) via the architects:

    Most of the house is finished in wood. It was a modest build costing 174,361 € in total before taxes. The house itself cost 146,506 € and the standalone garage cost 20,245 € (both before taxes). The balance of the costs seem to have gone to exterior landscaping.

    If you consider only the house, that works out to be about 1,252 € per square meter or about 115 € per square foot. Speaking of reasonable.

    What’s particularly interesting about this project though is that after it was completed the architects published what they call a dossier de synthèse en Open Source (click through to download) – effectively an open source file of all the project’s documents.

    Included are all of the plans, assembly details, construction photos, and even the entire construction budget. The ambition was to build an affordable and sustainable house and then make all of the information publicly available so that others might replicate what was done.

    I think this is great.

    So I’ve decided to publicly commit to doing the same for my proposed laneway house. If and when it gets built, I will document and publish the entire journey – including all development/construction costs – and make it freely available on this blog and probably elsewhere.

    I got a bit of flak (on the internet) for calling my laneway house a “prototype” project. But that’s truly what I want it to be for Toronto. Hopefully sharing more, rather than less, information will help it to serve that purpose.

  • Gigantic shopping machines

    image

    This morning I gave a presentation and participated in a design charrette that was organized by B+H Advance Strategy about the “mall of the future.” (See photo above.) It’s a 2-day event and I was only able to stick around for a few hours in the morning, but I think it’s great that B+H Architects takes the time to research and get a deeper level of understanding in the areas in which they work. Great design demands that.

    The way the charrette was structured was around a handful of future scenarios. The idea being that it’s impossible to accurately predict the future, but it is possible to play out different possible futures to see what you get. I’m looking forward to seeing what the teams ultimately come up with at the end. I would also be really curious to hear your thoughts in the comment section below.

    But before we decide on what malls are going to become in the future, it’s perhaps useful to think about how they got their start. The man largely credited with inventing the fully enclosed mall typology is a man by the name of Victor Gruen. He was a Vienna-born architect who moved to the US in 1938. 

    In the words of Malcolm Gladwell:

    “Fifty years ago, Victor Gruen designed a fully enclosed, introverted, multitiered, double-anchor-tenant shopping complex with a garden court under a skylight—and today virtually every regional shopping center in America is a fully enclosed, introverted, multitiered, double-anchor-tenant complex with a garden court under a skylight. Victor Gruen didn’t design a building; he designed an archetype.”

    The most interesting thing about this story though is that Gruen’s initial hope was that the mall would urbanize America’s suburbs. The garden court was supposed to be a kind of town square. And his broader vision included a mix of higher density uses surrounding the perimeter. But in reality the opposite happened: The mall helped to further suburbanize America.

    However, as our malls begin to show their age (or die) and as we relearn to appreciate walkable urban environments, mall landlords are increasingly thinking mixed-use and higher density. And ironically, many of the plans probably don’t look all that dissimilar to Gruen’s original ideas. So maybe one possible future is simply the one that Gruen wanted to create all along.

    Image: Kinetic Commerce

  • How permissive zoning created Toronto’s King-Spadina district

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    Over the weekend, Marcus Gee of the Globe and Mail published a terrific article about Toronto’s King-Spadina district and how “condos conquered a rundown district of the city.” (This post will argue that condos were not the catalyst, but an outcome of other changes.)

    The image at the top of this post (City of Toronto Archives) is the intersection of King Street and Spadina Avenue around the early 1900s. And here is roughly that same view from May 2016 (Google Streetview):

    image

    From this perspective, it may look like not much has changed. The buildings at the two corners are still there, although their uses have changed. The streetcars are still running, although we now have slightly newer machines. And there are overhead lines providing a canopy across the intersection.

    But as Gee points out, the reality is that in recent years King-Spadina has arguably seen more change and development than any other precinct in the city:

    No fewer than 99 projects have been built, approved or pitched since 2004. That’s one quarter of the total for the entire city and more than the count for two vast suburban districts – Scarborough and Etobicoke – combined. King-Spadina is overtaking even high-rise hubs such as Yonge and Eglinton in midtown Toronto and the Bay and Yonge corridors downtown.

    Below is a diagram showing the built form of that change.

    image

    But as we talk about this massive change, I would argue that this didn’t happen by accident. 

    Gee starts his piece by saying that “cities have an endless ability to evolve, to rebound, to reinvent and regenerate themselves, sometimes in ways that would astonish generations past.” I would add one word: Successful cities have an endless ability to evolve.

    King-Spadina has indeed reinvented itself many times. Prior to its current iteration, it served as a manufacturing district and as the center of Toronto’s garment industry. But from the 1970s through to the early 1990s, the area fell into decline as its manufacturing base left.

    The game changing moment happened in 1996 when “The Kings” – which includes the areas around both King-Spadina and King-Parliament – were redesignated as “Regeneration Areas.” The overarching goal was to deregulate away from single-use industrial zoning and allow the area’s buildings, both old and new, to take on almost any use.

    Now all of a sudden it was possible to have light industrial, commercial, entertainment, retail, residential, and live/work uses all mixed together. And with the bones already in place, the market responded. 

    In my view, it is these earlier changes that laid the groundwork for what has become one of the most exciting neighborhoods in the country.

    However, today some are worried about whether or not this is too much of a good thing. And I am sure that many would like to blame developers for piling up in this neighborhood. Why continue to build here when there’s lots of land elsewhere?

    King-Spadina is a perfect example of what Richard Florida would call “winner-take-all urbanism.” There are powerful clustering forces at play both globally and locally in our cities. And so there are real economic reasons for why King-Spadina has seen more development than Etobicoke and Scarborough combined.

    Permissive land use policies and the right building stock may have kickstarted things, but now economies of agglomeration have taken over. Retailers, restaurants, clubs, tech companies and people, among many others, are now fighting for space in this area for the same reason that Toronto’s garment industry once felt the need to cluster here. There are tangible benefits to doing so.

    What people are effectively asking today is at what point do we start to see diseconomies of agglomeration. This is an important question and one that needs to be actively managed. 

    Without getting into any of the details, I believe that the King Street Pilot Study – which puts transit first along the King corridor – is one very appropriate answer to this question. It is a direct response to diseconomies of agglomeration, in this case traffic congestion.

    But there are important corollaries to this question that are also worth considering: How do we now create more King-Spadinas and how do we create more broad-based and inclusive urbanism in the face of these powerful clustering forces? These are questions that go well beyond King-Spadina, but there are lessons to be learned from the successes seen on the west side of downtown Toronto.

    Images via The Globe and Mail and Google Street View

  • Crazy girl down in Virginia Beach

    Last night I received an email from a 27 year old woman in Virginia Beach that really made my day. With her permission, I am sharing that email in full here on the blog, but redacting her identity. Here it is:

    Brandon,

    You don’t know me, but I just wanted to take a moment and say, thank you. I am a 27 year-old woman living and working in Virginia Beach, VA, with a Civil Engineering degree from Virginia Tech. Up until recently, I have been trying to “find myself” in my career with little success. I always had a feeling that I was “meant to do something” with my career. The problem was that I didn’t know what the hell I wanted to do. 

    Anyway, fast-forward to November 2016, and I decided to start applying to real estate development companies in the area. After all, it seemed like a pretty cool job. I began sending random emails to a few companies to see if they would hire me…. There wasn’t a real position open – I sort of just begged. Through all my random internet searches, I happened to find your blog one day… And to be honest, you have become a great inspiration to me.

    I began to love real estate development. Not just normal development, I want to make a difference. I began to feel excited and passionate about a science, a line of work, and an end vision and goal that several people share. I want to build these wonderful, competitive, beautiful, sustainable cities. I want to make our world better and more beautiful one place at a time. I was finally able to find myself through your work, so I thank you. You have helped me to commit to a career switch, be patient with my job hunt, and apply for an MBA program.

    Thank you for doing what inspires you because by doing it, you are also inspiring this crazy girl down in Virginia Beach! Keep it up.

    I wanted to share this email for two reasons.

    One, if you’re a firm in the Virginia Beach area, you should consider meeting her for a coffee. Send me an email and I’ll forward it along to her. It’s always challenging breaking into a new industry.

    And two, her email does a great job illustrating how important it is for people to feel fulfilled with their work. People want to make a difference. And some would argue that this desire is even more pronounced in the next generation coming up and entering the workforce.

    I feel lucky that I love what I do. And I know that many of my colleagues feel the same way. 

    Sometimes my friends in the development business will say to me that it’s hard not to become cynical and jaded over time. You start out wanting to change cities for the better and you think you’re doing the right thing, but then it feels like you’re getting punched in the gut every step of the way trying to do exactly that.

    That’s what life will do to you every now and then: It will punch you in the gut. If you want to accomplish great things, you have to take those. But it’s a hell of a lot easier to take them when you’re fulfilled by the work you do. 

    Trying to build better cities is pretty damn fulfilling. I am sure that many of you would agree, regardless of what side of the industry you happen to be on.

    Photo by Ravali Yan on Unsplash

  • Screw Toronto

    Hamilton, Ontario is on the rise. It’s no secret. 

    In fact, Toronto Life just ran a piece called The New Hamiltonians, where it profiled ex-Torontonians who have made the move west for more affordable housing and a higher quality of life.

    What stands out for me about the article is how there’s already growing resentment toward both developers and the local business owners who are helping to revitalize the city. Here is an excerpt:

    As builders encroach on Hamilton’s old neighbourhoods, a simmering resentment is building toward the upstart businesses that make rundown areas attractive to developers in the first place. Dave Kuruc, who owns Mixed Media, says that last year, the front door of his and neighbouring shops got slapped with a sticker that read “FUCK YOUR BOUTIQUE. DEFEND HAMILTON.” Last June, a bus tour for ­developers—branded “Try Hamilton!”—was interrupted by masked activists spraying sour milk out of water pistols and wielding signs that read “Developers + Investors = Predators.”

    So it’s not just developers. It’s also those damn boutiques. But the City of Hamilton eliminated development charges and put in place many other incentives for a reason. It wants to see more new construction. 

    Some people clearly aren’t happy about that.

  • Toward larger condo units

    One of the things that I’ve been following over the years (and writing about a lot on this blog) is average condo/apartment sizes, specifically in Toronto. I’m interested in this topic because I think it tells you a lot about what’s going on in the market and who is buying/renting.

    Developers are often criticized here for building tiny “shoebox condos.” It wouldn’t be unusual to see a building with an average unit size somewhere in the range of 600-700 square feet.

    But it’s important to keep in mind that the pull toward smaller units is largely because of one important reason: affordability. All things being equal, I’m sure that most people would gladly take an expansive 2,000 sf apartment. But how many people can actually afford a place that large? And for those who can afford it, many seem to opt for ground-related housing instead. So for the most part, the market has said: not many.

    But I’ve suspected for awhile that it was only a matter of time before we saw unit sizes start to creep upward. And indeed today there seems to be a trend toward larger units. I can’t tell you the exact percentage increase for average unit sizes across the city, but you don’t have to look very hard to find a proposed project with average unit sizes in the range of 1,000 to 1,500 sf. I spent this morning looking many of them up and going through their data sheets. If any of you have a larger sample size, please share it in the comment section below.

    To me this feels like a maturation of the market. More of us are deciding to move up, instead of out, which is absolutely what we need to do. Affordability, perhaps more than ever, is still a concern. But the confluence of a couple of factors seem to be expanding the multi-family market in this direction.

    One, empty nesters are starting to cash out of their large houses and they still want/need space. Two, the price of low-rise housing has increased so dramatically that it’s now out of reach for many and/or it no longer feels cost competitive on a per square foot basis. Three, Toronto’s status as a global city continues to increase and this is making it more of a magnet for foreign capital. And four, central and transit-adjacent housing is incredibly desirable for a large segment of the population. Horrible traffic is probably helping this one.

    If there’s any truth to my logic, then I wonder if we won’t see a bit of a bifurcation in the market, if we aren’t already. On the one end, there will still be the pull to shrink unit sizes and maximize affordability. See micro-units. But on the other end, there will be a product segment that now acts as a substitute for low-rise housing.

    I’ve said this before, but I’ll say it again: I think more families in condos and apartments would be a positive thing for the city.

  • New Slate website

    Earlier this week, we (Slate Asset Management) launched our new website. You can check it out at slateam.com. It’s now much clearer who we are and what we do. (There’s also a neat drone video of the Toronto skyline.) 

    On the landing page and in the very first tab (What We Do) it shows our different business lines: Private Equity, Institutional Separate Accounts, and Public. This is all about matching the right capital to the right real estate.

    Lots of people in our office worked very hard on this website and so I’m excited to share it on the blog. Let me know what you think in the comment section below. You can also subscribe to the Slate newsletter here and follow on Twitter here.

  • The gentrification cycle — is it a natural outcome?

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    Here is the stereotypical gentrification narrative: Rundown neighborhood sees artists (or other cool gentrification catalyst) move in. Area becomes cooler. Other people start to move in. Developers start building. People start to complain about gentrification.

    I don’t mean for this to be pejorative in any way. I was just trying to be matter-of-fact about it.

    When I wrote yesterday’s post about the Drake Commissary and the changes that have and will continue to happen in West Queen West and in the Junction Triangle, I knew in my mind that people would be thinking about gentrification. 

    Sterling Road is home to many artists and creatives. What will happen to them as the area develops? I am sympathetic to concerns around displacement. We’ve also seen what can happen to a neighborhood when even the big brands and big money decide to leave.

    But let’s dig into this narrative a bit more.

    Virtually every private sector building ever built was done with a profit motivation behind it. When that old abandoned brick-and-beam warehouse was built, it made economic sense to do so – or at least somebody believed that to be the case.

    In many/most cases this ends up being true. So when the building eventually loses its utility, it is because something has changed in the world. Manufacturing has gone offshore. People are now shopping online. The city has gone bankrupt. Tastes have changed and nobody wants to lease the building. The list goes on.

    When groups rediscover and repurpose these spaces they are effectively kick-starting a new lifecycle for the building. And under the right circumstances, a new cycle for the neighborhood. These are the artists, the nightclubs (see Berlin club scene), the brewers, and so on. This is a hugely valuable phenomenon for cities because fresh ideas often require cheap space.

    Of course, it may also be the case that the buildings aren’t empty. But new energy is still introduced to the neighborhood and things start to visibly change. 

    Where I think many people take issue is when these early adopters and pioneers ultimately get displaced because of their own actions. They are the ones who made the area desirable again and there’s a sense of ownership: “Hey, I was here first.” I get that. 

    But what we often forget is that what is old was once new. Some developer presumably made money building that abandoned building and many people came before us to lay claim to its spaces. 

    The fact of the matter is that neighborhoods and cities naturally go through cycles. They also ideally grow. That’s why I like when people talk about cities as organisms with metabolic rates. Change is a constant, even if it may not seem that way.

    Take, for instance, the suburban neighborhood where I grew up. We moved in when it was basically a new subdivision and so the area was filled with young families. I had lots of kids my own age to play with. It was loads of fun. The streets were always filled with kids.

    But we’ve all grown up and most of us have moved on, meaning the neighborhood no longer has the same character, despite the fact that the built form has basically remained the same. When I go back to the area, I no longer see any kids playing in the streets. But that’s not to say it won’t happen again.

    This is a subtle example of one of the ways in which neighborhoods go through cycles – this one being a demographic one. Though it can obviously happen through more dramatic changes, such as new development or the abandonment and repurposing of older buildings.

    So if we are to assume that these sorts of natural cycles and changes are happening all around us, here are my honest questions. 

    Can and should gentrification (i.e. investment) be stopped? If so, are we saying that neighborhood cycles should be halted at one precise point in time, perhaps after the early-adopters take root? Or should we try and temper the pace of change? Is it simply a case of too much of a good thing?

    Let me give another example.

    I live in a condo building that is less than 5 years old. It’s 33 storeys, which is one of the higher buildings in the area. I’m sure it was contentious when it was initially proposed.  

    There are people who live and own in my building who today have real concerns about the other developments proposed and underway in the neighborhood. They worry that it will negatively impact the neighborhood, traffic, their views, and so on. But how does that work?

    To me, this is selfish. Because this is not a case of investment with displacement. And less than 5 years ago – before my building was built and occupied – we were the outsiders. I was the guy that current residents were worried about. Who am I to now turn around and say that nobody else is welcome now that I’m here?

    I say all of this not because I profess to have all of the answers. But because these are hot button issues and I think we’d be well-served by more precision in our discussions. Cities change and grow. That’s what makes them incredible and resilient places. Stasis is not an option. 

    So how should we ride the growth and the cycles?