Brandon Donnelly
Daily insights for city builders. Published since 2013 by Toronto-based real estate developer Brandon Donnelly.
Brandon Donnelly
Daily insights for city builders. Published since 2013 by Toronto-based real estate developer Brandon Donnelly.
Last month, we talked about how even "luxury" housing can improve overall housing affordability in a market. In that post, we spoke about a recent study that looked at the downstream effects of a new condominium tower in Honolulu. Today, let's look at Switzerland.
I stumbled upon this working paper on Twitter. The authors are Lukas Hauck and Frédéric Kluser, both from the University of Bern. In it, they look at the country-wide effects of new residential housing supply in Switzerland and, more specifically, the "moving chain" that new supply produces.
Moving chains work generally as follows:
A household moves into a newly constructed home
Their previous home becomes vacant
Another household moves into this vacant unit, leaving their previous home vacant
And the process continues, until someone breaks the chain (which can happen by way of a new household being formed or someone moving in from out of the market)
The authors found that these moving chains are relatively short in Switzerland. Approximately 75% of them terminate within three migration rounds. But this doesn't mean that these chains aren't critical for the market.
Importantly, they found that every new market-rate unit typically results in 0.75 moves for households with below-median incomes. So, that is 75 moves for every 100 new homes constructed.
The reason why new supply ends up also benefiting lower-income households is because there's a clear income and rent gradient across the moving chain:
New housing (migration round 1) is typically priced at the highest end of the market. This makes sense because we know that development happens on the margin. But by migration rounds 2 and 3, median rents fall off noticeably, creating housing opportunities for other people.
New market-rate housing is sometimes criticized for only serving one segment of the market. But once again, we see evidence that it helps to ease overall housing pressures. There are other indirect benefits that shouldn't be ignored.
Cover photo by Henrique Ferreira on Unsplash
Chart from "Country-wide effects of new housing supply: Evidence from moving chains."
Andermatt is a small mountain village in the Swiss Alps. It's a few hours from Zurich, it's known for its skiing and snowboarding, and it's surely really beautiful. But right now it has two other important things going for it: one, it does not restrict property purchases by foreign nationals and, two, it does not limit the construction of second homes to 20% of the village's housing stock, which is a rule in other places. This is expected to come into force in Andermatt in 2040.
Because of these features, Andermatt is being viewed as a barometer for foreign demand and, over the last six weeks in particular, local developers and agencies are reporting "hockey stick growth" in terms of sales volume and inquiries (according to FT). As of April 10, new development projects in the village reported selling SFr14.2mn worth of apartments, which is nearly 2x the amount of transactions for all of 2024. And nearly a third of these deals were signed by "nervous Americans" following April 2.
Here's one buyer testimonial:
One Andermatt buyer, a New York-based tech entrepreneur in his early fifties who asked to remain anonymous, said Trump was one of the “main factors” in his decision to buy. He and his partner purchased a two-bedroom unit for SFr2.2mn in November. Switzerland, he said, was stable and secure at a time when the US was less so under Trump. “It is not only financial uncertainty — it is not liking what [the US] is turning into and what it has become,” he said.
It is not uncommon for people to say, "if X happens, then I'm going to leave and move to Y." That doesn't always, or even oftentimes, materialize. But wealthy people have the means to make it happen, if they want, and we're seeing signs of it all across Europe. In some cases, putting down a deposit on a new Swiss apartment might just be an option, should things get worse. And in other cases it may be a firm commitment to relocate.
But either way, it's a strong indicator and a demonstration of people voting with their feet.
Last month, we talked about how even "luxury" housing can improve overall housing affordability in a market. In that post, we spoke about a recent study that looked at the downstream effects of a new condominium tower in Honolulu. Today, let's look at Switzerland.
I stumbled upon this working paper on Twitter. The authors are Lukas Hauck and Frédéric Kluser, both from the University of Bern. In it, they look at the country-wide effects of new residential housing supply in Switzerland and, more specifically, the "moving chain" that new supply produces.
Moving chains work generally as follows:
A household moves into a newly constructed home
Their previous home becomes vacant
Another household moves into this vacant unit, leaving their previous home vacant
And the process continues, until someone breaks the chain (which can happen by way of a new household being formed or someone moving in from out of the market)
The authors found that these moving chains are relatively short in Switzerland. Approximately 75% of them terminate within three migration rounds. But this doesn't mean that these chains aren't critical for the market.
Importantly, they found that every new market-rate unit typically results in 0.75 moves for households with below-median incomes. So, that is 75 moves for every 100 new homes constructed.
The reason why new supply ends up also benefiting lower-income households is because there's a clear income and rent gradient across the moving chain:
New housing (migration round 1) is typically priced at the highest end of the market. This makes sense because we know that development happens on the margin. But by migration rounds 2 and 3, median rents fall off noticeably, creating housing opportunities for other people.
New market-rate housing is sometimes criticized for only serving one segment of the market. But once again, we see evidence that it helps to ease overall housing pressures. There are other indirect benefits that shouldn't be ignored.
Cover photo by Henrique Ferreira on Unsplash
Chart from "Country-wide effects of new housing supply: Evidence from moving chains."
Andermatt is a small mountain village in the Swiss Alps. It's a few hours from Zurich, it's known for its skiing and snowboarding, and it's surely really beautiful. But right now it has two other important things going for it: one, it does not restrict property purchases by foreign nationals and, two, it does not limit the construction of second homes to 20% of the village's housing stock, which is a rule in other places. This is expected to come into force in Andermatt in 2040.
Because of these features, Andermatt is being viewed as a barometer for foreign demand and, over the last six weeks in particular, local developers and agencies are reporting "hockey stick growth" in terms of sales volume and inquiries (according to FT). As of April 10, new development projects in the village reported selling SFr14.2mn worth of apartments, which is nearly 2x the amount of transactions for all of 2024. And nearly a third of these deals were signed by "nervous Americans" following April 2.
Here's one buyer testimonial:
One Andermatt buyer, a New York-based tech entrepreneur in his early fifties who asked to remain anonymous, said Trump was one of the “main factors” in his decision to buy. He and his partner purchased a two-bedroom unit for SFr2.2mn in November. Switzerland, he said, was stable and secure at a time when the US was less so under Trump. “It is not only financial uncertainty — it is not liking what [the US] is turning into and what it has become,” he said.
It is not uncommon for people to say, "if X happens, then I'm going to leave and move to Y." That doesn't always, or even oftentimes, materialize. But wealthy people have the means to make it happen, if they want, and we're seeing signs of it all across Europe. In some cases, putting down a deposit on a new Swiss apartment might just be an option, should things get worse. And in other cases it may be a firm commitment to relocate.
But either way, it's a strong indicator and a demonstration of people voting with their feet.
Camera: Fujifilm X-T3 (23mm lens)
Camera: Fujifilm X-T3 (23mm lens)
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