Brandon Donnelly
Daily insights for city builders. Published since 2013 by Toronto-based real estate developer Brandon Donnelly.
Brandon Donnelly
Daily insights for city builders. Published since 2013 by Toronto-based real estate developer Brandon Donnelly.

Decentralization, in the crypto/blockchain/web3 sense of the word, is a crucial thing. Here is an excellent article talking about why it is the key innovation of blockchain technology and why it is a central feature in this new emerging web3 world.
But of course, it can all get very complicated. So I thought this -- and in particular the sentence in bold below -- was a good way of describing the benefits:
"...decentralization enables web3 systems to be credibly neutral (they cannot discriminate against any individual stakeholder or any group of stakeholders, which is critical to incentivize developers to build within ecosystems) and composable (to mix and match software components like Lego bricks). As a result, web3 systems function more like public infrastructure than proprietary technology platforms. In contrast to the gated software of Web2, web3 protocols provide decentralized internet infrastructure on which anybody can build and create an internet business. Crucially, in web3, this can be done without the permission of the original deployer of the protocol or the need to use a centrally controlled interface."
This resonated with me because think about how important public infrastructure is to our cities. Most of us take it for granted that, when we need it, we can just plug in and access electricity, water, sewer, and other public infrastructure.
But throughout history, these services have been fundamental to the growth of our cities. They empowered scale and better health outcomes, among other things. So it's exciting to think that we are now living through the creation of something kind of similar in tech.
Image: a16z
We have spoken a lot over the years about the benefits of narrow and pedestrian-focused streets. Most recently, I even ran around Europe with a laser distance measuring device to collect a few field samples. Here's an example from Marseille and here's an example from Sicily.
But given all this, I think it is important to recognize that what happened in Seoul over the weekend -- a deadly crowd crush that killed over 150 people -- is both a horrible tragedy and a result of too many people in a narrow and pedestrian-focused street. So clearly there can be a flip side to what we talk about here. At the time of writing this post, investigations were still ongoing.
I am not a crowd-control expert, but I have spent time in dense Asian cities during major events and holidays, and never have I felt so claustrophobic. I have lined up for hours to get into subway stations and I have lined up to get into entire city districts -- presumably because they were trying to avoid things like what happened this past weekend.
My heart goes out to all of the people and families that were impacted by this horrific incident.
🇰🇷 🇨🇦
I saw a headline yesterday that the CDC was now reporting that vaccinated people can spread COVID just as easily as unvaccinated people. I then thought to myself, "this is not a good headline if you're trying to encourage people to get vaccinated."
What I guess this is saying is that vaccinated people who end up contracting COVID ("breakthrough" cases) have similar viral loads to people who are unvaccinated. So it makes sense that they would then be able to transmit the virus to others.
But the more important point remains that vaccinated people are less likely to spread the virus to others because they are less likely to actually get it in the first place.
Yes, the vaccines are not 100% effective. But supposedly the latest hospital data suggests that vaccines remain 87% effective at preventing hospitalization. This, of course, means that some vaccinated people will still get sick and that, yes, they might transmit it to others.
But for the vast majority of people that shouldn't be the case.
Update: My point is that clear and consistent messaging is important.

Decentralization, in the crypto/blockchain/web3 sense of the word, is a crucial thing. Here is an excellent article talking about why it is the key innovation of blockchain technology and why it is a central feature in this new emerging web3 world.
But of course, it can all get very complicated. So I thought this -- and in particular the sentence in bold below -- was a good way of describing the benefits:
"...decentralization enables web3 systems to be credibly neutral (they cannot discriminate against any individual stakeholder or any group of stakeholders, which is critical to incentivize developers to build within ecosystems) and composable (to mix and match software components like Lego bricks). As a result, web3 systems function more like public infrastructure than proprietary technology platforms. In contrast to the gated software of Web2, web3 protocols provide decentralized internet infrastructure on which anybody can build and create an internet business. Crucially, in web3, this can be done without the permission of the original deployer of the protocol or the need to use a centrally controlled interface."
This resonated with me because think about how important public infrastructure is to our cities. Most of us take it for granted that, when we need it, we can just plug in and access electricity, water, sewer, and other public infrastructure.
But throughout history, these services have been fundamental to the growth of our cities. They empowered scale and better health outcomes, among other things. So it's exciting to think that we are now living through the creation of something kind of similar in tech.
Image: a16z
We have spoken a lot over the years about the benefits of narrow and pedestrian-focused streets. Most recently, I even ran around Europe with a laser distance measuring device to collect a few field samples. Here's an example from Marseille and here's an example from Sicily.
But given all this, I think it is important to recognize that what happened in Seoul over the weekend -- a deadly crowd crush that killed over 150 people -- is both a horrible tragedy and a result of too many people in a narrow and pedestrian-focused street. So clearly there can be a flip side to what we talk about here. At the time of writing this post, investigations were still ongoing.
I am not a crowd-control expert, but I have spent time in dense Asian cities during major events and holidays, and never have I felt so claustrophobic. I have lined up for hours to get into subway stations and I have lined up to get into entire city districts -- presumably because they were trying to avoid things like what happened this past weekend.
My heart goes out to all of the people and families that were impacted by this horrific incident.
🇰🇷 🇨🇦
I saw a headline yesterday that the CDC was now reporting that vaccinated people can spread COVID just as easily as unvaccinated people. I then thought to myself, "this is not a good headline if you're trying to encourage people to get vaccinated."
What I guess this is saying is that vaccinated people who end up contracting COVID ("breakthrough" cases) have similar viral loads to people who are unvaccinated. So it makes sense that they would then be able to transmit the virus to others.
But the more important point remains that vaccinated people are less likely to spread the virus to others because they are less likely to actually get it in the first place.
Yes, the vaccines are not 100% effective. But supposedly the latest hospital data suggests that vaccines remain 87% effective at preventing hospitalization. This, of course, means that some vaccinated people will still get sick and that, yes, they might transmit it to others.
But for the vast majority of people that shouldn't be the case.
Update: My point is that clear and consistent messaging is important.
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