As many of you know, I am learning French, again.
One of the small things that I found really interesting in this week's class -- besides, of course, figuring out how the hell to use le subjonctif -- was the expression "en province." In France, this effectively refers to any place in the country that isn't Paris -- the capital city/region. And it turns out that many other countries employ a similar kind of vocabulary.
According to Wikipedia, people in Peru say "en provincias", people in Mexico say "la provincia", people in Poland say "prowincjonalny", and people in Bulgaria say "в провинцията", whatever that means. What is fascinating to me about this is that it implies a very capital and urban-centric mentality. You're either in the capital city or you're, well, in the provinces.
It's also not something that is used in either Canada or the US. In Toronto, you'll hear people say that someone is "up north" and, in Philly, you'll hear people say "down the shore" to indicate that they're headed in the general vicinity of the east coast. But as far as I'm aware, there isn't a specific term that is used to describe any and all lands that exist outside of our capital cities.
Maybe it's because Ottawa isn't our biggest city and so it would be silly to designate everything outside of it as being some sort of provincial non-capital territory. But I wonder if part of it is because we don't have the same urban-centric mentality. Could it be that we just don't value and think about our principal cities in the same way?
Yesterday I watched this three-part series on the accents of English-speaking North America:
The videos are by dialect coach Erik Singer and, I must say, his ability to fluidly move through all of North America's accents is incredibly impressive. As I was watching the videos, I kept thinking to myself, "I don't know what this guy actually sounds like when he's not putting on an accent."
The interesting thing about accents is that they really speak to settlement and migration patterns. In other words, who came in contact with who, and who didn't come in contact with others? Geographic isolation also leads to unique accents.
The other ingredient is time. The reason the UK, for example, has so any regional accents is that it had the time for them to develop. On the other hand, if you look to most of the southwestern United States, there is broadly a kind of generic American accent (with the exception of some California and Utah nuances according to Erik). This is because these settlements are relatively young compared to say the northeastern US.
For Canada, the defining feature is "Canadian raising". It is what leads to the stereotype of us saying things like "aboot" and "hoose". It doesn't sound exactly like this, but there is a way in which we tend to pronounce diphthongs (two adjacent vowel sounds) with open-vowel starting points.
Open-vowels are sounds where our tongue is positioned as far as possible from the roof of our mouth. If you try saying "about" to yourself out loud right now you'll notice that this is what happens. Your tongue drops. And it is these instances that lead to "Canadian raising".
The other thing that I find fascinating is how quickly language convergence can happen. I lived in Philadelphia for 3 years (for grad school) and when I would come home my parents used to tell me that I sounded fully American. I guess subconsciously we feel a need to assimilate.
If you're also fascinated by accents, I highly recommend you check out Erik's videos.
This Philadelphia Inquirer article is behind a paywall, but I can tell you that it speaks to the city's increasing use of modular construction for infill apartment buildings:
Building modularly can save 20% on total construction costs, he said. Projects can be constructed in half the time, and rental revenue comes in sooner. Workers build apartments in pieces in a factory as others lay the foundation. Factory work doesn’t have to pause for inclement weather.
Alterra Property Group has found that modular construction is cost- and time-effective when it builds between 100 and 500 units and between four and six stories. Under that, building on-site is more efficient, Addimando said. Above that, builders can run up against building code restrictions.
Consider this recently completed project, called LVL North:
1.5 acre site
Site acquired in February 2020
Construction commenced in June 2020 (was it already entitled?)
Over 500,000 square feet
7 storeys
410 market-rate apartments
Two levels of commercial spaces
Over 300 parking spaces in a two-level below-grade parking structure
Construction completed in 24 months (it's currently being leased up)
I am impressed by how quickly this was erected. Here in Toronto, it would likely take more than 24 months just to get through the rezoning process. Granted, a site this big in a central location next to transit would also likely beget multiple tall buildings.
But this form and scale of housing seems to be working for Philly. It is allowing the city to both build quickly and to experiment with emerging construction methods.