We know that educational attainment is probably the single biggest determinant of urban economic success. If you're hoping to predict average household incomes, looking at the percentage of the population with a 4-year college degree is a pretty good place to start. But let's take this a step further: to what extent does graduating from an elite university affect both pay and performance?

It turns out, according to this recent study, that the pedigree of one's university isn't all that good at predicting motivation and talent. It does, however, impact pay. Average early career salaries for graduates of the top 10 colleges in the US are almost 50% higher than those with degrees from the ten colleges within the City University New York school system. This is according to data from Payscale and the US Department of Education.

But this pay delta doesn't necessarily match the performance delta that you might expect. The study found that for every 1,000 positions that you move in Webometrics' global university ranking (which is what they used for their research), overall performance only changes by about 1.9%. In other words, a graduate from the alleged number one university is only going to perform, on average, about 1.9% better than someone from the 1,000th best school.

I'm not exactly sure how to practically interpret a 1.9% improvement in performance. But 2% compounding on 2% each year should get you somewhere. Regardless, graduates from top universities do generally score higher on competency examinations. The reasoning behind this is thought to be at least twofold: 1) more selective admissions create a better pool of students and 2) top universities should provide better training.

Whether that's enough to justify the higher pay is a separate discussion. But if you're looking to measure urban economic success, the data does suggest that elite universities should lead to overall higher average incomes.

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index that ranks countries based on four key indicators (3 dimensions):

• Life expectancy in years (health)
  

• Expected years of schooling (education)
  

• Mean years of schooling (education)
  

• Gross national income per capita (standard of living)
  

Equal weighting (1/3) is given to each of the above dimensions: (1) health, (2) education, and (3) standard of living.

And the resulting index value is a normalized number between 0 and 1, with the latter number representing the maximum possible value.

Generally speaking, a country is thought to be developed or advanced when it has an HDI greater than 0.8.

The way you calculate each dimension’s index value is by using the minimum and maximum limits set out by the United Nations.

Today’s post is going to be about a handful of things that have caught my attention.

- Gary Hack, who is the former dean of the University of Pennsylvania School of Design, recently published a book called Site Planning: International Practice. It is a textbookish guide to planning processes, new technologies, and sustainability, with an emphasis on rapidly urbanizing countries. Thank you to my friend Michael Geller for bringing this to my attention.

- Sidewalk Labs Toronto is opening a new experimental workspace here in Toronto at 307 Lake Shore Boulevard East (Queens Quay & Parliament) on Saturday, June 16th from 12 - 6pm. It’s an old fish processing plant that they have turned into their office. The team will work there during the week and on the weekends they will open to the public to showcase what they’re up to. Register for the June 16th event, here. I just did.

- Alexandra Lange has a recent piece in the New Yorker called,