Brandon Donnelly

Daily insights for city builders, delivered every morning at 6 AM ET. I’m Brandon Donnelly — a Toronto-based real estate developer and founder of Globizen. I’ve been writing here since 2013.

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  • Cruise ships of urbanity

    There are many ways to describe one of the prevailing urban forms emerging across the Greater Toronto Area. You could call it spiky urbanism. You could call it a collection of peaks and plains. Or — as it is referred to in this recent article by Alex Bozikovic about “turning the suburb into the city” — you could call it cruise ship urbanity:

    These megaprojects are where Toronto has chosen to cram much of its new growth – “cruise ships of urbanity,” as Mr. Giannone told me, in a sea of houses. As such they provide an opportunity to create citylike density and activity.

    What we are talking about is a dichotomous form of urbanism: high-density mixed-use nodes surrounded by low-rise car-oriented communities. And on many levels, this makes a lot of sense, especially if the cruise ship happens to be docked on top of a transit station. This is where density needs to go. If you have a transit station without much density, that should be addressed immediately.

    But it also presents a great challenge. If transportation planning is necessarily land use planning, then we are dealing with two very different kinds of land use patterns and, therefore, two very different kinds of mobility demands. You can address this by making the cruise ship as self-sufficient and pleasant as possible, but eventually someone will want or need to get off the ship.

    Does that mean they will then need a car?

    You don’t have this same problem with more consistent forms of urbanism. Consider, for example, cities like Paris and Barcelona. These are dense cities, but more importantly they are, for the most part, uniformly dense. Or at least, uniformly dense enough. Meaning that you can probably apply a more uniform transportation strategy. What works in one part of the city is likely to work in other parts too.

    Of course, we could also apply a uniform transportation strategy to our urban cruise ships. Given that they exist in a sea of low-rise houses, we could simply say that each urban cruise ship resident should also have their own parking space (1:1 ratio). The solution: everyone drives! But this, to me, seems like an insane long-term solution.

    In my view, the most impactful solution lies not in the ships themselves, but in the seas surrounding them. We need to look holistically at our entire city region and determine what it will take to turn suburb into city. And that likely means a whole host of things, ranging from leveraging the infrastructure we already have (i.e. upzoning around transit stations) to embracing autonomous vehicles.

    In the end, I don’t think we want cruise ships of urbanity. We need more density, everywhere.

    Photo by mkdrone_ on Unsplash

  • Adaptive reuse in Hamilton, Ontario

    I was recently on Monocle Radio (The Urbanist) talking with Andrew Tuck about our Steelport project in Hamilton, Ontario. For those of you who aren’t familiar, Steelport is a new 800-acre industrial development on the city’s waterfront (almost the size of Central Park in Manhattan). Slate acquired the site in 2022 and, when fully built out, it is expected to create up to 23,000 new jobs and nearly $4 billion in economic activity for the Ontario economy. To have a listen to the interview, click here. It’s only about 8 minutes.

    Thanks for having me on the episode, Monocle. But more importantly, a shout-out to my colleague Steven Dejonckheere. He lives and breathes this project every day, and is the real mind behind it.

  • Austrian House by Rem Koolhaas

    I definitely wouldn’t call a 40-foot wide lot minuscule. But I guess when it’s located on the side of a mountain in Zell am See, Austria; you have a required 13-foot setback on both sides; and your architect is one of the world’s leading practitioners, it starts to feel a bit smaller. This is the recently completed Austrian House, designed by Rem Koolhaas:

    I’m always drawn to houses like these because they demand creativity. You can’t just repeat what was done on that other 40-foot wide lot, because then you might conclude that the lot is unbuildable. And it’s not. You just have to solve the puzzle. Then you’ve unlocked something that that many, or perhaps most, thought wasn’t possible. And that’s truly exciting to me.

    For more on the Austrian House, check out Architectural Digest.

    Photography by Pernille Loof and Thomas Loof

  • Introducing the Meta City

    During the pandemic, there was a lot of erroneous talk about the death of cities. Much like when the consumer internet first came around, the thinking was that technology would make geography irrelevant. I was and am vehemently against this idea, but it’s hard to not feel like technology is doing something. But what exactly? According to Richard Florida, Vladislav Boutenko, Antoine Vetrano, and Sara Saloo, it is creating something called the Meta City:

    The various communities that make up the Meta City may be in different time zones and noncontiguous locations, but they function together as a coherent network with a distinct structure and logic. The Meta City combines physical and virtual agglomeration, in seeming defiance of the laws of physics, making it possible to occupy more than one space at the same time. As a result, urban areas within the Meta City network can share economic and social functions.

    The narrative is compelling. Cities have always responded to and been a product of new mobility technologies. Streetcars, subways, and the car have all reshaped the geography of our cities. Some would argue for the worse. What the Meta City proposes is that technology today is not a disruptor of cities, it is simply another mobility shift. Rather than make cities irrelevant, it actually makes them more important by expanding their reach:

    The pandemic-era shift to remote work is yet another technology stretching the boundaries of the city into a new and larger geographic unit. But instead of doing so physically, it does so by enabling virtual expansion. The share of American workers engaged in remote work tripled from roughly 6% in 2019 to almost 18% in 2021. Remote workers can access significant quality of life at far more affordable prices in smaller cities, suburbs, and rural areas.

    Some specific examples:

    Many of these rising places are critically connected to established cities. As we will see, Austin’s rise is best understood as a satellite of San Francisco’s long-established tech hub. Miami is enmeshed in New York City’s finance and real estate complex. The rise of the Meta City informs a counterintuitive logic: Leading superstar cities are seeing their role as economic hub expand, even as some talent and some industry disperse to satellite centers.

    Finally, here’s their ranking:

    If you believe this to be true, then it should be good news for the real estate located in the cities listed above. But it also means that we are now facing a new kind of hub-and-spoke model of urbanism. London and New York remain at the center, but tech is only strengthening their reach and influence. This is a new way of thinking about the flow of human capital around the world, and I’m sure it will have impacts on how we plan and build our cities.

    Image: Harvard Business Review

  • Risk perception

    Here is an interesting way of looking at risk (via Seth Godin):

    If you’re trying to reduce risk, do the hard part first. That way, if it fails, you’ll have minimized your time and effort. On the other hand, if you’re looking for buy-in and commitment so you can get through the hard part, do it last. People are terrible at ignoring sunk costs, and the early wins and identity shifts that come from the easy successes at the beginning will give you momentum as you go.

    He’s not wrong. We are generally bad at ignoring sunk costs, which is why they have to tell you in business school that you need to ignore sunk costs. It doesn’t come naturally.

    We are also victims of temporal myopia. Meaning, we tend to emphasize short-term items and discount things that are in the future. So if two things are equally risky, we’ll likely perceive the immediate one as more risky than the one that will occur in a few years.

    Some things to keep in mind as we go about managing risk.

  • Port Lands flood protection project is one of the most important in Toronto

    This morning I did a hard hat tour of the Port Lands area of Toronto. And once again, I was reminded that this is one of the most important projects taking place in the city right now.

    When completed at the end of 2024, the $1.25 billion flood protection project is going to create over 60 acres of new greenspace and parkland, and unlock a significant amount of land for development. Already, it’s hard to imagine this part of the city not becoming a desirable new neighborhood and a magnet for recreation.

    I was asked not to share any images from within the site (i.e. the non-public areas), so I’m only sharing the above photo taken from Cherry Street. But we did get a chance to stand on the bed of the new river valley that will eventually take flow from the Don River. And I have photos on my phone to prove it. That was almost certainly a once in a lifetime thing.

    For the latest on construction progress, check out this video from Waterfront Toronto.

  • Sub-divided mansions

    In the second half of the 19th century, the way Londoners had historically lived, started to change:

    In the 1870s, a striking change was occurring in the residential habits of London’s elite. After centuries of living close to the ground in houses, Charles Dickens Jr. (son of the famous writer) observed that wealthy residents were starting “to avail themselves of the continental experience … and to adopt the foreign fashion of living in flats.”

    The resulting housing typology was something known as the mansion block. And as the name suggests, one of the principal design ideas was that these blocks should, ideally, look like a single giant mansion. In other words, the individual homes were to be obfuscated:

    The mansion block was a grand building that borrowed elements of the English terraced house (as a row house is known in British English), particularly the elite “palace fronted” terraced houses designed by Scottish architect Robert Adam and his brothers a century earlier, which concealed individual houses behind a grand facade to resemble a single palatial structure.

    It is a design approach that makes sense. I mean, I can see wealthy people wanting to appear as if they’re living in a palatial mansion. That said, it is an approach to multi-family housing that feels somewhat foreign today. Most people don’t look up at tall buildings and wonder if it’s one person’s home.

    And we don’t aim for that.

    Presumably this is, at least partially, because scales grew, builders were looking for economies of scale, and because modernism told us that mansion-looking structures were outdated. Whatever the reasons, multi-family buildings today are not generally conceived of as sub-divided mansions.

    What’s maybe ironic about this shift, though, is that we went from elaborate and varied facade designs intended to communicate single structures, to modern and repetitive facade designs that, somehow, better communicate the individual homes.

    I suppose we got used to the “foreign fashion of living in flats”.

    Image: Josh Kramer for Bloomberg CityLab

  • First tower crane erected at One Delisle

    This was a big week for construction progress at One Delisle. On Friday, we poured the first bit of our raft slab foundation on the west side of the site. Big concrete pours like this usually take all day and this case was no different. The team was there late into the evening. And then today, the first of our two tower cranes was erected:


    The crane going up is always a big milestone because, in my mind, it signals the start of “real” construction. What I mean by this is that all of the stuff that comes before — demolition, shoring, and excavation — is really just to get the site ready for building. Well, now we’re ready, and that means we’re about to go vertical.

    A big thanks to the team for working around the clock over the last few days.

  • Why your city is still struggling to build missing middle housing

    About Here makes excellent videos about cities. Here’s their latest about missing middle housing:

    In my view, there are two key takeaways.

    The first is that cities need to spend way more time understanding the economics of missing middle housing. As Uytae Lee says in the video, our land use policies need to respond to real math and overall financial viability.

    The second is that there’s real potential here. Uytae gives the example of Auckland which, according to the video, managed to deliver 20,000 new missing middle homes in a 5-year time period.

    This is meaningful! And, it is suggested that this has reduced rents in the city by somewhere between 13-35% compared to where they might have gone had this new housing not been built.

    As I’ve said many times before on the blog, the devil is in the details. The headline may sound really great that some city is now allowing 4 or 6 homes on every single-family lot, but that doesn’t necessarily mean that any new homes will actually be built.

    It’s important we change that.

    P.S. Thanks to Michael Geller for sharing this video with me.

  • The Housing Supply Challenge

    Back in 2019, Canada’s federal budget allocated $300 million toward something known as The Housing Supply Challenge. The overarching objective was, and still is, to reduce the barriers to housing supply and affordability, and the approach has been to find solutions through a series of “challenges”. So far, they — they being the CMHC Housing Supply Team — have completed four rounds. And right now, they are on round five. This is the challenge:

    Increase the adoption of system-level solutions that transform Canada’s ability to produce more community and market housing.

    This fifth round represents $65 million of the $300 million total budget. Meaning that $65 million will be awarded to groups and solutions that have the potential to accomplish the above. The funding will be distributed in three stages. First to 20 foundational solutions ($1 million per solution), then to 10 next-level solutions ($3 million per solution), and finally to 3 game-changing solutions ($5 million per solution).

    If you have a solution (i.e. something that can be executed on), I would encourage you to check out their site. And if you’d like to apply, you have until December 18, 2023.