Brandon Donnelly

Daily insights for city builders, delivered every morning at 6 AM ET. I’m Brandon Donnelly — a Toronto-based real estate developer and founder of Globizen. I’ve been writing here since 2013.

Subscribe

Author: Brandon Donnelly

  • A festival of doors

    May 4, 2026 · View original

    Multiplexes, as they are called around here, are one of the few housing types that kind of work in Toronto today. According to a recent Globe and Mail article by John Lorinc, the city has issued 2,629 building permits for multiplexes since 2023, representing 4,880 net new homes.

    This is not very much for a city of our size, but this is a new type, and I would bet you two things: that this number will increase and that the city will continue to make it easier to build fine-grained, urban infill housing.

    The great opportunity right now is exactly what architect Craig Race says in the article: “You can’t find 1,500-square-foot, three-bedroom units anywhere other than in multiplexes. The smaller units are the most affordable in the city because the typology costs so much less than mid-rise or high-rise buildings.”

    However, the article also talks about the “festival of doors” that comes with this housing type. This is because each home typically has its own dedicated entry door from grade. Meaning, if you’re building a sixplex, you’re going to have at least six doors sprinkled across the various elevations.

    In some ways, this is a desirable design outcome. Each home is now 100% efficient (rentable area divided by gross construction area), as there are no common areas. I think many residents also appreciate having their own dedicated entrances.

    But on the flip side, an entry door generally equals another staircase. So, from an overall building efficiency standpoint, there are more effective ways to unlock more housing on every infill lot — namely through the adoption of single-egress stair buildings.

    As soon as this becomes a feasible as-of-right option, expect to see an increase in both the quantity and quality of new small-scale infill housing in Toronto.

    Cover photo by White.Rainforest :tm:︎ ∙ 易雨白林. on Unsplash

  • 43

    May 3, 2026 · View original

    I’m writing this post on my birthday (May 2), but by the time you all read it in your inboxes or online, it will be May 3. This is how I write my daily posts, which means when I’m trying to write about something very timely, I sometimes have to adjust my headspace by a day or be off by a day.

    I have always loved my birthday. I woke up this morning to freshly baked croissants from Bianca. That’s hard to beat! This year is also a special birthday for me because I’m going to be this old when our first child (a girl) is born in the coming weeks. Maybe she’ll be a stubborn Taurus like her dad, or maybe she’ll stay cooking for the recommended amount of time.

    I often think of my life in terms of decades. My twenties were all about school, gaining experiences abroad (I spent summers in Taipei and Dublin, and went to grad school in Philadelphia), and, quite frankly, figuring out what I wanted to do with my life. I finished my MBA, which was my second master’s, when I was exactly 30, and I started writing this daily blog that same year.

    My thirties were then about establishing myself in a career. I started working full-time in real estate development when I was 26, right after my first master’s in architecture and real estate, but things take time, and it wasn’t until my thirties that I started hitting my stride. I spent most of this decade working at Slate, and I look back on this time as being both highly productive and a hell of a lot of fun.

    Shortly after I turned 40, I decided to get married and leave Slate at exactly the same time for maximum life change. The love part is not something I thought I could ever plan for, though. I just knew it when I met Bianca. But when it came to my career, the next decade had arrived, and it was time to focus full-time on my own thing (Globizen).

    It’s certainly a tough real estate market in Toronto right now — the toughest since the early ’90s — but I don’t doubt this decision for a second. We’re creating the opportunities that we can, and I’ll never give up. (See stubborn Taurus.)

    I’m now firmly a quadragenarian, working each and every day on things I feel passionate about (making money in this market is an entirely separate matter), and about to add a little human to the mix. I feel fortunate. I’ve also had three croissants today, and I am in no way opposed to having a fourth before the day is done.

    I recently heard David Brooks, whom I appreciate very much, say that we should try and aim for at least three big life adventures each decade. I think this is a fantastic plan. We tend to think back on our lives in terms of punctuations created by milestones, so I’ll be sure to keep aiming for this. Here’s to more adventure!

  • Inside the plan for Toronto’s longest car-free street

    May 2, 2026 · View original

    Toronto, by and large, does not like car-free urban streets. I mean, we have very few of them. Let’s try and name them. The most notable would be the Distillery District. Next to this would perhaps be the intersection of Gould Street & Victoria Street on TMU’s campus. Then there’s Willcocks Commons at the University of Toronto, though it’s not the prettiest.

    After this, I can only think of small, unremarkable or temporary ones. I’m not counting seasonal closures. Technically, the Toronto Islands are the largest car-free community in North America, but I wouldn’t call this urban. So I’m now at a loss. If I’ve missed any noteworthy ones, I would be happy to be corrected.

    This concise list makes the recently revealed masterplan for the island formerly known as Villiers — now called Ookwemin Minising (or OM) — all the more exciting. The 16-block plan now includes a 760-metre-long, fully pedestrianized public space called Centre Commons. It runs east-west in the site plan below, and is intersected by a north-south street called The Sandbar Trail.

    As designed, Centre Commons is expected to be the longest car-free street in the city and look something like this:

    This is the space in between the buildings. Equally important is the fact that the new masterplan unlocks a 27% increase in finer-grained density, without compromising on the quality or quantity of public space on the island. This is a major improvement over the previous masterplan, which had all the hallmarks of bland pseudo-urbanism. Meaning, it was supposed to be urban, but it wasn’t actually.

    I love the above massing diagram because it feels like a real, organic city, as opposed to just a series of repeating towers on podiums. It has a variety of scales and a more fine-grained urban pattern. This, as we have talked about, is notoriously difficult to achieve in new master-planned communities. But it is possible: loop transit through the island, lower the parking requirements, and give developers the freedom to build.

    The design team includes SLA of Copenhagen (landscape architects), Trophic (Indigenous-owned landscape architects), GHD (prime consultant and technical lead) and Allies and Morrison of London (architectural lead). And when built out, OM is expected to support approximately 12,000 new homes (including 3,000 affordable homes) and 2,900 new jobs.

    I say we build it.

    Cover photo by Allies and Morrison

    Aerial image from Waterfront Toronto

    Centre Commons rendering by Norm Li via SLA

    Area plan and massing diagram by SLA

  • Pre-construction sales -> housing starts

    May 1, 2026 · View original

    The Missing Middle Initiative just released its latest Greater Toronto Area and Greater Golden Horseshoe Housing Report Card. If you’d like to download a copy and see the generally abysmal grades, there’s a link at the bottom of this page. But here are the high-level findings (based on Q4-2025 data):

    – Housing starts are down 34% year-over-year across the 34 municipalities covered in the report. – Condominium starts, in particular, are down over 50% year-over-year. – Pre-construction sales, which are a precursor to housing starts, are down 89% for condominiums and 58% for ground-oriented houses. – The only exception to the above is purpose-built rental starts, which increased 39% year-over-year. But this increase doesn’t come close to offsetting the declines seen in both condominiums and low-rise housing.

    Once again, we are reminded of the looming housing shortage that, I think, could be felt as soon as next year. New construction is inherently slow to respond to market changes, and, as of right now, the ship is clearly headed toward almost no new supply. For that to change, we will almost certainly need to see pre-construction sales return.

    Cover photo by Dmitry Gerasimenko on Unsplash

  • Energy and AI

    April 30, 2026 · View original

    The International Energy Agency (IEA) has just published a comprehensive report on the nexus between AI and energy consumption. I would encourage you all to give it a read, or, you know, use AI to summarize it for you. It represents our reality today.

    The largest tech companies in the world spent over US$400 billion on data centres in 2025, and this number is expected to jump by 75% in 2026! The total capital expenditure of just five tech companies is right now larger than the entire global investment in oil and natural gas production.

    This is the new fuel for the world economy, and we’re going to need to figure out how to supply enough energy.

    According to the report, an individual server rack within an advanced data centre might only be the size of a refrigerator. But by 2027, it is not inconceivable that it could have a peak power demand equivalent to that of 65 households.

    The good news is that much of this demand is being met by renewables. Renewables are the fastest-growing source of electricity for data centres. The report estimates total generating capacity increasing at an average of 22% per year between 2024 and 2030, which will meet nearly 50% of the growth in data centre demand.

    If you’d like to download a copy of the full report, go here.

    Cover photo by Claudio Schwarz on Unsplash

  • The rules of the game are being rewritten

    Finding the silver linings in Toronto’s housing market reset

    April 29, 2026 · View original

    As a developer, or other market participant, it’s easy to be pessimistic about the current housing market in Toronto. It’s a challenge to make new projects work. That’s suboptimal from a business and city-building standpoint, and for Type A personalities who thrive on accomplishment. But today, let’s look at some of the positives and opportunities that are already here or are likely to happen going forward.

    – If you’re a developer who has been doing the same thing for decades, now is the opportunity to rethink your model and innovate. Why? Because the old model isn’t working, and who knows if it ever will again when the fun times return. – Already, we are seeing a renewed focus on end-user buyers and renters. This is healthy for the market. It signals a return to fundamentals and a deeper focus on our customers. What kind of homes do people actually want to live in? – At the same time, if you’re in need of a home, now is an excellent time to buy or rent. Similarly, for developers, now is an excellent time to buy sites, provided you’ve found a project that works or you have the balance sheet to be patient. – Modular construction and mass timber are getting a lot more airtime. They aren’t a silver bullet in this market, but these things take time and it’s positive that more developers and builders are exploring and testing out their options. – Crisis forces the hand of government. Already, we have seen a new HST rebate, cuts to development charges, and other helpful measures. I also think cities are more receptive to negotiation. If you have a wild and crazy idea that just might work, go talk to them! – As incumbents struggle with their legacy assets and deals, the market is creating more space for new entrants and fresh ideas. I have no doubt that we will see a new generation of developers and entrepreneurs emerge during the next cycle.

    Never let a good crisis go to waste, as they say.

    Would you add anything to this list?

    Cover photo by Lennon Kong on Unsplash

  • The structural reality of car dependency (including in European cities)

    April 28, 2026 · View original

    One generalized truism is that European cities are walkable and transit-supportive, and North American cities are not. This is not universally true, but it’s often thought to be directionally true. However, a recent paper called “Car Dependency in Urban Accessibility” reveals that this may not be as true as we think.

    The study introduces something called a Car Dependency Index (or CDI). What it effectively does is compare accessibility to jobs and services within a city by car versus public transit. They did this for 18 European and North American cities, and here’s what they found:

    A positive score (red on the map) means that a car can access more opportunities than public transportation, and a negative score (blue on the map) means the opposite. What’s not surprising is how car-dependent the outskirts of most cities are, including European cities. Car dependency was high in over 70% of the urban territories that they analyzed.

    What is more surprising to me is that most cities don’t have much, if any, blue. The best-case scenario seems to be a lot of white (which represents accessibility parity between cars and public transit). Hmm. Does Manhattan really not have any blue? The glaring exception is Paris and, to a lesser extent, Zurich, though keep in mind these are only city proper boundaries.

    Another finding is that car dependency remains a primary driver of car ownership, even when accounting for income. What this means is that if you took two people with the exact same income, one living in transit-rich Paris and the other living in the suburbs of Rome, the person in Rome is much more likely to own a car.

    Once again, this supports the obvious fact that if we design cities so that they’re inconvenient to navigate without a car, well, then more people will get cars. It’s not easy to build a transit network that can compete. Individual lines won’t do it. The key word is “network.” And you need the right land-use policies to support it.

    Cover photo by Alessio Ferretti on Unsplash

    Charts from “Car Dependency in Urban Accessibility.”

  • The movable icon of Paris

    April 27, 2026 · View original

    Movable chairs have been a feature of Parisian parks since the 18th century. Chairs are more comfortable than benches, and movable ones allow you to direct yourself toward the sun, cluster in groups, or just situate yourself so that you can prop your legs up and read a book.

    Now, here’s a brief story of how this came to be.

    At the outset of this innovation, park chairs weren’t free. If you wanted a bench upgrade, you had to pay. Private concessionaires would rent them out to visitors (like umbrellas at a beach), maintain them, and presumably ensure that things were kept generally tidy around the grounds.

    Then, around 1923, the iconic green Sénat chair was designed by the Ateliers de la Ville de Paris. If you’ve ever been to Paris, you know this chair (see cover photo). It comes in only three models: chair, armchair, and recliner, all of which are green. RAL 6013 green, to be exact.

    Eventually, the Sénat chair was imposed as the Parisian park chair. By 1955, it was the only possible option that could be rented out by concessionaires in places like the Jardin du Luxembourg. This set the stage for it to become one of the most recognizable symbols of the city.

    But due to the popularity of these chairs and the fact that people would rather not have to pay to sit in a park, it was decided in 1974 that the chairs should be free, and they were bought from the concessionaires.

    In 2002, Frédéric Sofia designed an offshoot of the chair called the “Luxembourg.” The Luxembourg is made of aluminum, as opposed to steel, and is therefore lighter. It’s also available for sale to the general public, whereas the Sénat chair is exclusively for city parks.

    The result of this centuries-long tradition is an iconic symbol for the city and an established culture of employing movable chairs in public spaces. A humble movable chair may not seem like a big deal, but in the world of public spaces, it is.

    Try to incorporate movable chairs into a park or public space today and, invariably, someone will tell you that it can’t or shouldn’t be done. They will say the chairs will be stolen, vandalized, and/or weaponized by hooligans. Perhaps not.

    Today, there are some 4,500 movable chairs in the Jardin du Luxembourg alone. Paris shows us that it can be done.

    Cover photo by Brigi Harkányi on Unsplash

  • How AI could strengthen our cities

    And the surprising link between railroad history and the AI era

    April 26, 2026 · View original

    Here are some interesting charts from a16z showing that, despite its dominance today, tech still represents a smaller percentage of the US stock market than railroads did at the turn of the 20th century. One parallel you could draw from this is that “tech” as we know it today, may not be so dominant a hundred years from now.

    But railroads continue to play a critical function in the modern economy. They are still the most cost-effective way to move heavy goods over long distances. A single freight train can carry the load of several hundred semi-trucks.

    The more interesting parallel might be the one that a16z raises in its post: railroads both led to further economic growth and rewired the way businesses and organizations were structured.

    Railroads were a new kind of business requiring massive scale and coordination, which led to new ways of thinking about “management.” Perhaps not surprisingly, it was around this time (1881) that the world’s first collegiate business school was formed at the University of Pennsylvania.

    The parallel to AI today, as argued by Jack Dorsey and maybe others, is that it’s going to similarly rewire how businesses are organized and what middle management does:

    > “Instead of absorb and route information, maintain alignment, pre-compute decisions, etc.—the kind of coordination that management typically is responsible for—in an AI business, humans move to the edges, to focus their judgment on customer contact and human interactions.”

    At least, this is the hypothesis.

    But if it does prove to be true, let’s consider what we often discuss on this blog, which is: what will it mean for our cities and built environment? Well, what I find interesting about the above quote is that it suggests AI will push humans further toward the things that we are uniquely suited to do: interacting with other humans and building meaningful relationships.

    And if that is, in fact, what happens, then there’s no more efficient place to be than in dense urban cities. Looking someone in the eyes, shaking their hand, and slurping ramen noodles together at a busy bar counter is not something that AI will be able to do for us.

    Cover photo by Mike Beaumont on Unsplash

    Charts from a16z

  • Default to yes

    April 25, 2026 · View original

    Fast, high-quality decisions and approvals are the lifeblood of organizations. And if you’ve ever worked in development or construction, you know that there are a lot of decisions and approvals — some small, some big — but all of which can delay and hurt a project. Ultimately, the objective is to achieve both high-quality and high-velocity decisions. But how?

    Very broadly speaking, you want a bias toward action and progress. How this plays out might depend on the specific situation at hand, but here’s one technique that we try to use whenever possible. I call it (as of 30 seconds ago) the “default-to-yes” principle. It works well for approvals and reviews, and it is very common in construction.

    All you need are two things: (1) a date by which something needs to be reviewed or approved and (2) a default yes. A default yes means that if I don’t hear from you by the deadline established by (1), I’m simply going to assume your answer is yes and move on. Consent is implied unless you object.

    The opposite of this is a “default-to-no” approach, which means things get stuck until someone gets around to reviewing or approving the thing. That’s far less optimal because there’s no outer limit to how long something might take. With the default-to-yes approach, I know progress will happen no later than X days from now.

    This is just one specific technique, and I’m not suggesting it will work for all decisions and approvals, but there’s significant value in high velocity. And to achieve that, you want a deeply ingrained cultural bias toward action.

    Cover photo by Rubén Bagüés on Unsplash